Engineering Definition And Students

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Sunday, February 27, 2022

The secret Poem MP bord class 8th lesson 15

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 The secret 

We have a secret , just we three

(हमारे पास एक रहस्य है, बस हम तीन)

The robin and i and the sweet cherry tree

(रॉबिन और मैं और मीठे चेरी का पेड़)

The bird told the tree, And the tree told me

(चिड़िया ने पेड़ से कहा, और पेड़ ने मुझसे कहा)

And nobody knows it but just we three
(और यह कोई नहीं जानता लेकिन सिर्फ हम तीन)

But of course the robin knows it best 

(लेकिन निश्चित रूप से रॉबिन इसे सबसे अच्छी तरह जानता है)

Because she built the ....... I shan't tell the rest

(क्योंकि उसने बनाया ...... मैं बाकी को नहीं बताऊंगा)

And laid the four little..... something in it

(और चार छोटे रखे..... इसमें कुछ)

I am afraid i shall tell it every time 

(मुझे डर है कि मैं इसे हर बार बताऊंगा)

But if the tree and the robin don't peep

(लेकिन पेड़ और रोबिन झाँकें नहीं तो)

I will try my best the secret to keep

(मैं गुप्त रखने की पूरी कोशिश करूंगा)

Though i know when the little birds fly out

(हालांकि मुझे पता है कि छोटे पक्षी कब उड़ते हैं)

Then the whole secret will be out

(तो खुल जाएगा सारा राज)


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Sunday, September 19, 2021

Advance Machine Processes ( MECHANICAL PROCESSES )

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                                                                               MECHANICAL  PROCESSES 


         Processec Engineering is the science of material transformation. Mechanical processes engineering involves the changes in material properties and composition  due to mechanical effects.


* Separation Methods ;- Classifying and sorting 

            Classification is a mechanical separation method for solid compounds. It utilises either, the geometric features size or the setting velocity of the individual practical for the separation processes. 

Sorting is a mechanical separation processes in which  solid compound containing different materials characteristics is divided into fraction with the same material characteristics. 


* Separation method ;- Separation in a gravity field

            Mechanicals processes engineering in many cases utilises gravity to separate different phase. Gravity can be used to separate a solid phases off from a fluid. 


As well as gravity, centrifugal force can also be use

* Separation method ;- Separation in a centrifugal force field 

          As well as gravity, centrifugal force can also be used as the driving force for phase separation processes. The centrifugal force can be generated either by rotating vessels.

* Separation method ;- Filtration 

          During filtration, solid particles are separated off by a filter medium from a flowing suspension. Suspensions contain insoluble solids finely distributed in a liquid. Usable filter media are sieves, cloths, papers or bulk solids.

* Comminution ;- 

           Comminution alters the particle size and shape and the surfaces of solids. Virtually all solids must be comminuted when being mined or processed.


Abrasive jet machine 

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Sunday, May 17, 2020

Thermodynamic Scale of Temperature :- ABSOLUTE

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Thermodynamic Scale of Temperature :- ABSOLUTE 
          An absolute temperature scale is independentof the properties of the substances.The temperatures are always measured by making use of properties e.g. thermal expansion of liquids and gases, the variation of thermo e.m.f. and electrical resistance with temperature etc. 
          Lord kelvin from the study of the effeciency of reversible engion could define a new scale of temperature which a independent of the particular substance because the efdficency of a reversible engion itself is independent of the working substance


6.2 The Thermodynamic Temperature Scale;-

suryakanu.blogspot.com



Absolute temperature scale, any thermometric scale on which a reading of zero coincides with the theoretical absolute zero of temperature—i.e., the thermodynamic equilibrium state of minimum energy. The standard measure of temperature in the International System of Units is the Kelvin (K) scale, on which the only point established by arbitrary definition is the unique temperature at which the liquid, solid, and vapour forms of water can be maintained simultaneously. The interval between this temperature and absolute zero is defined as 273.16 kelvins, and the temperature of this “triple point” is designated 273.16 K (since 1967, no longer written °K). In essence, the Kelvin scale is the Celsius (°C) temperature scale shifted by 273.15 degrees (because the triple point of water is actually 0.01 °C), with the same size unit of temperature.

          (The considerations of Carnot cycles in this section have not mentioned the working medium. They are thus not limited to an ideal gas and hold for Carnot cycles with any medium. )

        More specifically, we can define a thermodynamic temperature scale that is independent of the working medium. Earlier we derived the Carnot efficiency with an ideal gas as a medium and the temperature definition used in the ideal gas equation was not essential to the thermodynamic arguments. To see this, consider the situation shown below in Figure 6.2, which has three reversible cycles. There is a high temperature heat reservoir at $ T_1$ and a low temperature heat reservoir at $ T_3$ . For any two temperatures $ T_1$ , $ T_2$ , the         Ratio of the magnitudes of the heat absorbed and rejected in a Carnot cycle has the same value for all systems.

Figure : Arrangement of heat engines to demonstrate the thermodynamic temperature scale
Image fig3temperaturescale_web

We choose the cycles so $ Q_1$ is the same for A and C. Also $ Q_3$ is the same for B and C. For a Carnot cycle
$\displaystyle \eta =1+\frac{Q_L}{Q_H} = F(T_L,\;T_H);\;\eta\textrm{ is onlya function of temperature.}$
Also
$\displaystyle \frac{Q_1}{Q_2}= F(T_1,\; T_2),$
$\displaystyle \frac{Q_2}{Q_3}= F(T_2,\; T_3),$
$\displaystyle \frac{Q_1}{Q_3}= F(T_1,\; T_3).$
But
$\displaystyle \frac{Q_1}{Q_3}=\frac{Q_1}{Q_2}\frac{Q_2}{Q_3}.$
Hence
$\displaystyle \underbrace{F(T_1,\;T_3)}_\textrm{Not a function of $T_2$} = \underbrace{F(T_1,\;T_2)\times F(T_2,\;T_3)}_\textrm{Cannot be a function of $T_2$}.$
We thus conclude that $ F(T_1,\;T_2)$ has the form $ f(T_1)/f(T_2)$ , and similarly $ F(T_2,\;T_3)=f(T_2)/f(T_3)$ . The ratio of the heat exchanged is therefore
$\displaystyle \frac{Q_1}{Q_3}=F(T_1,\;T_3)=\frac{f(T_1)}{f(T_3)}.$
In general,
$\displaystyle \frac{Q_H}{Q_L} =\frac{f(T_H)}{f(T_L)},$

       so that the ratio of the heat exchanged is a function of the temperature. We could choose any function that is monotonic, and one choice is the simplest: $ f(T)=T$ . This is the thermodynamic scale of temperature, $ Q_H/Q_L = T_H/T_L$ . The temperature defined in this manner is the same as that for the ideal gas; the thermodynamic temperature scale and the ideal gas scale are equivalent..



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Friday, May 15, 2020

CLASSIFICATION OF BONDING IN SOLIDS:-

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BONDS IN SOLID 


DEFINE:-

          A solid consists of billions of atoms closely packed and held together by strong mutual or interatomic forces of attraction.              The attraction and repulsion forces that tend to hold adjacent atoms at a certain spacing to keep the balance between the opposing forces are known as bonds. This process of holding the atoms together is known as atoms. These bonds between atoms make it possible for them to combine in a large mass to form a solid.


          The mechanical, physical, electrical and other properties of solids are influenced by the bonds. Therefore, different solids differ in their properties. 

          Bonds formed between atoms of solids are known as interatomic bonds because they are formed either by transfer of one or more electrons from one atom to another or by sharing of electrons between the atoms.


CLASSIFICATION OF BONDING IN SOLIDS:-


#Various types of bonds found in solids:_
(I) Ionic bond, 
(II) Covalent bond,
(III) Metallic bond, 
(IV) Van der waal &molecular bond


IONIC BOND:-
                        



Properties of ionic Bonding __

(a) Ionic bonds are generally crystalline in structure, in which ions of one type are surrounded by ions of other type in a systematic way. 
(b) These bonds are fair strong. 
(c) Due to high binding energies, the ionic crystals have high melting and boiling point. 
(d) Poor conductor of heat and electricity as compared to original metals. 
(e) Ionic crystals are highly soluble in ionizing solvents such as water and polar solvent like NH3. 
(f) They are transparent 
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Friday, February 21, 2020

Larry Tesler, man who created cut-copy-paste and paved for Apple Mac, dies at 74

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New York (CNN)Larry Ellison's first year on the Tesla board has been very, very profitable.




             Ellison, the co-founder of Oracle Corporation and one of the world's richest men, joined the Tesla board on Dec. 27, 2018. Before he did, though, he purchased 3 million shares of electric carmaker's stock, the company said late last year.

[Tesler is no more the father of cut, copy and paste, Steve Jobs told him - you are sitting on a gold mine, the world can change. ]
Larry Tesler, a 74-year-old scientist who invented the computer to cut, copy and paste, died. Fuss in New York and Ruri Larry from Stanford University in computer science began their career at the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center in 1973. Lesler collaborated with Tim Mont to create Gypsy Tech Editor in this research. Similarly, in Gypsy Tech Editor, he prepared a method to copy and move Ko. This indicator of Tesler made it much easier for people to use personal computers. Apart from this, he created many brands like Funds and Replace, which can be easy from writing to software developering. Her Inder became popular in 1983 when it was used in Apple's software for Lisa Computer. Tesler has also worked at Apple, Amazon and Yahoo.

Simplified the use of computers with commands like Find, Replace; -
                  Larry Tesler started working in Silicon Valley in the 1960s. This was the time when computers were limited to few people. Lari joined Apple in 1980 after leaving Xerox. He was working here for 17 years as the Chief Scientist. He said at Robert's Churchill Club event in 2011 - 'I remember the day of September 27, 1979, when I had the opportunity to show Apple co-founder Steve Jobs an Xerox Alto computer. This included icons, windows, folders, icons, and my cut, copy and paste techniques. It seems that at the time Steve looked quite excited. They stared at me, sometimes staring at the screen. They were circling around the room. As soon as the presentation was over, they came towards me and said - You are sitting on a gold mine. Why are you not doing anything with this technique. . . You can change the world. I told him - if you think this technique can do something like that then why don't you use it. Suffice it to say that they immediately contracted me for a new amendment.





[कट, कॉपी और  पेस्ट के जनक टेस्लर  नहीं रहे, स्टीव जॉब्स ने उनसे कहा था- आप सोने की खान पर बैठे है, दुनिया बदल सकते है। ]
       कम्प्यूटर में कट,कॉपी और पेस्ट की कमांड का अविष्कार करने वाले 74 साल के वैज्ञानिक लैरी टेस्लर का निधन हो गया।  न्यूयोर्क में जमे और स्टैनफोर्ड यूनिवर्सिटी से कंप्यूटर साइंस से ग्रेजुएट लैरी ने 1973 में जेरोक्स पालो  अल्टो रिसर्च सेंटर से करियर शुरू किया था।  लेसलर ने इस रिसर्च में टिम मॉन्ट के साथ मिलकर जिप्सी टेक्स्ट एडिटर तैयार किया। इसी जिप्सी टेक्स्ट एडिटर में उन्होंने टेक्स्ट को कॉपी और मूव करने के लिए मेथड तैयार किया । टेस्लर के इस आविष्कार ने लोगों के लिए पर्सनल कम्प्यूटर इस्तेमाल करना काफी आसान बना दिया । इसके अलावा उन्होंने फाइंड और रिप्लेस जैसी कई कमांड बनाईं , जिनसे टेक्स्ट लिखने से लेकर सॉफ्टवेयर डेवलप करने जैसे कई काम आसान हो गए । उनकी यह कमांड तब लोकप्रिय हुई , जब 1983 में इसे एपल के सॉफ्टवेयर में लिसा कम्प्यूटर के लिए इस्तेमाल किया गया । टेस्लर ने एपल , अमेजन और याहू में भी काम किया है ।

फाइंड, रिप्लेस जैसे कमांड से कम्प्यूटर का इस्तेमाल सरल किया ;-
      लैरी टेस्लर ने 1960 के दशक में सिलिकॉन वैली में काम करना शुरू किया था । यह वो वक्त था , जब कम्प्यूटर कुछ लोगों तक ही सीमित था । जेरॉक्स छोड़ने के बाद लैरी ने 1980 में एपल ज्वाइन की । यहां 17 साल तक बतौर चीफ साइंटिस्ट काम किया । उन्होंने 2011 में कैलिफोर्निया के चर्चिल क्लब कार्यक्रम में कहा था - ' 27 सितंबर 1979 का दिन मुझे अच्छी तरह याद है , जब मुझे एपल के सह संस्थापक स्टीव जॉब्स को जेरॉक्स का अल्टो कम्प्यूटर दिखाने का मौका मिला । इसमें आइकन , विंडो , फोल्डर , माउस और मेरी कट , कॉपी और पेस्टकी तकनीक शामिल थी । इसे देखते समय स्टीव काफी उत्साहित नजर आए । वे कभी मेरी ओर तो कभी स्क्रीन पर टकटकी लगाकर देखते रहे । वे कमरे के चारों ओर चक्कर काट रहे थे । प्रेजेंटेशन खत्म होते ही वे मेरी ओर आए और बोले - आप तो सोने की खान पर बैठे हैं । आप इस तकनीक के साथ क्यों कुछ नहीं कर रहे हैं . . . आप दुनिया बदल सकते हैं । मैंने उनसे कहा - अगर आपको लगता है कि यह तकनीक ऐसा कुछ कर सकती है तो आप क्यों नहीं इसका इस्तेमाल करते हैं । इतना कहते ही उन्होंने तत्काल मुझे नए असाइनमेंट के लिए अनुबंधित किया ।


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Monday, February 10, 2020

Education system GK current Affairs knowledge

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Education system GK current Affairs knowledge:-
१. 35 वीं सीनियर वुमन नेशनल वेटलिप्फैटिंग चैम्पियन कहा आयोजित हुई ?
a. जयपुर
b. लखनऊ
c. कोलकाता
d. गुवाहटी

२. इंडिया इंटरनेशनल सीफूड शो 2020 का आयोजन किस शहर में किया जा रहा है ?
a. विशाखापटनम
b. मुंबई
c. कोच्चि
d. चेन्नई

३. UAE की जीडीपी का........ प्रतिशत आयल और गैस पर निर्भर है।
a. 25
b. 30
c. 35
d. 405

४. किस राजय की कैबिनेट ने सुन्नी वक्फ बोर्ड को 5 एकड़ भूमि दिए जाने के प्रस्ताव की मंज़ूरी है ?
a. महराष्ट्र
b. उत्तर प्रदेश
c. मध्यप्रदेश
d. उत्तराखंड

५. जान सेवक योजना क शुरुवात किस राजय ने की है ?
a. कर्णाटक
b. महराष्ट्र
c. आंध्रप्रदेश
d. असम

६. इंटरनेशन इन्टलेक्चुल प्रॉपर्टी इंडेक्स 2019 में भारत का कौन सा स्थान रहा ?
a. 23 वां
b. 36 वां
c. 40 वां
d. 15 वां

७. कुछ रोग निवारक  के लिए किये गए प्रयास के लिए किसे इंटरनेशन गांधी अवार्ड से सम्मनित किया गया है ?
a. डॉ. रेणुका रामकृष्णन
b. प्रियंवदा चुग
c. डॉ. राम मलकानी
d. डॉ. NS धर्म शक्तु

८. राष्ट्रीय वयोश्री योजना की शुरुआत कब की गई थी ?
a. 2015
b. 2016
c. 2017
d. 2018

९. किस राज्य में भारत सरकार वधवन पोर्ट की स्थापना करने जा रही है ?
a. केरल
b. पश्चिम बंगाल
c. महाराष्ट्र
d. तमिलनडु

१०. High energy material research laboratory कंहा  स्थित  है ?
a. पुणे
b. बेंगलुरु
c. नई दिल्ली
d. अहमदाबाद

११. क्रूड की माप की जाती है ?
a. बैरिल प्रतिदिन से
b. गैलन प्रतिमिनिट से
c. बैरल प्रति स्ट्रीम दिन से
d. बैरल प्रतिघंटा से

१२. डिफेंस एक्सपो 2020 भारत का...... संस्करण है।
a. 10 वां
b. 11 वां
c. 12 वां
d. 13 वां

१३. भारत का पहला इंटीग्रेटेड स्टील कहा स्थापित किया गया है ?
a. भिलाई
b. दुर्गपुर
c. बोकारो
d. रावउकेला

१४. जी-7 समिट का आयोजन कब किया जायेगा  ?
a. 10 जून 2020
b. 11 जुलाई 2020
c. 12 जून 2020
d. 10 जुलाई 2020

१५. अमिताभ भट्ट को......... नियुक्त किया गया है।
a. एडमिनिस्ट्रेटिव आफिसर
b. चीफ एग्जिक्यूटिव ऑफिसर
c. चीफ फाइनेंशियल ऑफिसर
d. चीफ ऑपरेटिंग ऑफिसर








Ans 1c,2c,3c,4b,5a,6c,7d,8c,9c,10a,11a,12b,13d,14,15b.
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Saturday, December 14, 2019

The First National Bird in The World

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The First National Bird in The World:-

      On July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress of the United States issued the declaration of independence and decided that the new United States must have a special national emblem. On June 20, 1782, the Congress of the United States passed a resolution to regard the unique white headed sea sculpture of North America as the national bird of the United States, and take this bird as the main body of the national emblem pattern. It is the first "national bird" in the world.White headed sea eagles are popular with the American people because of their North American landmarks and vigorous posture. Today, the image of white headed sea eagles can be seen everywhere in the United States.

White headed sea eagles, also known as white headed eagles, bald eagles, American Eagles and American Eagles, are a kind of raptors in North America. Their active areas are usually in open water areas, and their food is mainly fish. However, they also hunt different prey according to different environments. The white headed sea eagle is the national bird of the United States and one of the most important symbols of the United States.


White headed sea eagles prefer to live near the coast, rivers and lakes, because there are many fish in these places, which are very rich food resources for them. Research shows that they prefer rivers with a circumference of more than 11 kilometers, and lakes with an area of more than 10 square kilometers are the most suitable for white headed sea eagles in breeding period. White headed sea eagles are good at flying. They can fly at speeds of 56 to 70 kilometers per hour when gliding and flapping their wings. If they catch fish in flight, they can still fly at speeds of 48 kilometers per hour.

People who have seen the white headed sea sculpture will be attracted by its powerful appearance and vigorous posture. Its body length can reach one meter, its wingspan can exceed two meters, and it weighs 3 to 6 kilograms. Its average life span is about 20 years, but it's not uncommon to live to 40-50 years old. White headed sea eagles have bright yellow eyes, beaks and claws. Adult white headed sea eagles, both male and female, are covered with brown feathers, but the head, neck and tail are white feathers.


Interestingly, the English name of the sea eagle with white head is bald eagle, which is translated as "vulture". This is probably because it is white from the forehead to the neck. At a glance, it will think that it is "bald". In fact, it is only "white head", not "bald head".
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